UNDER RE-CONSTRUCTION
History 3348 001
(#60905):
HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES
Spring 2020,
Holden Hall 154
MWF 9:00-9:50 am
TEACHER
John Howe,
Professor of
History, Advisor,
Medieval and
Renaissance Studies Center, TTU
Office: 143 Holden Hall
Office Hours: MW 10-11:15am, Tu 9:30-10:15 pm,, and by appointment
Telephone: 806 834‑7544
E‑Mail: john.howe @ttu.edu
Fax 806 742-1060
Web: http://myweb.ttu.edu/jhowe
(the best way to access
this syllabus)
THE
COURSE
Purposes
To acquire a general knowledge of the crusading
movement in Western Europe, including its ideology, organization, military
strategies, and leadership. To situate the crusades in the larger economic,
cultural, and religious context of the Mediterranean world, a cross-cultural
world where Latin, Greek, and Arabic civilizations interacted. To use the
crusades as a case study for analysis of the problems posed by "holy war,"
imperialism, colonization, and the formation of European consciousness.
To introduce the process by which
historians reconstruct historical events from conflicting primary sources.
Expected Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of
this class students will be able to:
1. Describe major events and individuals associated with the
crusades.
2. Discuss
the documentary foundation that underlies this historical narrative.
3. Relate the history of the crusades to other major social
developments in the medieval Latin West.
4. Recognize
the origins of some elements of contemporary debates between Western and Islamic
societies.
5.
Be more proficient in the
following genres of historical writing:
essay examinations and
comparative analyses of historical documents.
Methods for Assessing the
Expected Learning Outcomes
The Expected Learning Outcomes of
the course will be assessed through examinations, source problems, student
"WEdnesday reports,"class
discussion, and miscellaneous classroom assessment activities.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Required Texts
Andrea,
Alfred J., and Andrew Holt, eds. Seven Myths of the Crusades.
Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2015. ISBN 978-1-62466-403-8
Joinville and Villehardouin: Chronicles of the Crusades.
Translated by Caroline Smith. New York: Penguin Group USA, 2008. ISBN
978-0-140-44998-3.
Madden, Thomas
F. The Concise History of the Crusades: Third Student Edition.
Lanham MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 2013. ISBN Paper
978-1-4422-1573-7 978-1-4422-1576-4 or electronic.
978-1-4422-1576-4
Runciman,
Steven. The First Crusade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2004 [out of print, but available in large numbers from third party
sellers]. ISBN 978-0521611480
Internet
Medieval Sourcebook
(IMS):
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
Some journal articles accessible via the Texas Tech Library through
JSTOR
Some materials posted on line, to be accessed through the electronic version of
this syllabus.
Required Reading
Specific reading assignments for
each class are listed in the "Reading and Lecture Schedule," just ahead of the
lecture date by which they should be completed. Each assignment concerns the
subject of the following class meeting. Read so that you arrive in class
prepared to explain, praise, criticize, and question. The assignments are
manageable if read on schedule, but overwhelming if you fall behind.
Successful
completion of this course requires regular attendance. In the classroom
difficult reading assignments are interpreted and contextualized, and additional
subject matter is introduced. If you cannot attend 80% or more of the
scheduled classes, you should not be enrolled.
Examinations
Midterm tests are scheduled for Friday February 21, and Wednesday April 1
Each includes
multiple-choice
questions, identification
questions, a single
essay (from two or more choices), and perhaps
map work. If, for good reason,
a test is missed, a make-up test may be taken at 3:30-4:30 pm on Monday,
May 4. Students receiving a grade
below "C" on a midterm should meet with the teacher to discuss it (this will be
part of the class participation grade).
The final
examination will feature
multiple-choice and
identification questions based on the material covered since the midterm,
and three
essays
(to be chosen out of six or more alternative questions) covering the material of
the entire course. Bring blue books to the final.
Source Problems
Course
assignments include three crusade source problems, cases where the primary
documentary evidence seems to be contradictory. Students will attempt to
reconstruct what happened, presenting their findings in papers no longer than
five typed, double-spaced pages. Since the evidence provided for these case
studies does not yield any single, indisputable "right answer," all you can do
is to present your arguments for the "most probable" scenario. You will be
given information about how to avoid some common errors. Grades will be based on
logic, analysis, persuasiveness, and comprehensive use of the sources. Be
careful not to violate the History Department and University guidelines on
plagiarism.
The first of
these is due on Friday, February 7; the second on Wednesday, March 11; the third
on Wednesday April 15.
Papers late by a day or two will be assessed a one
grade penalty, but,
after the corrected on-time papers have been returned,
no later papers will be accepted.
UNIVERSITY NOTICES
Necessary Accommodations:
Any student
who, because of a disabling condition, may require special arrangements in order
to meet course requirements should contact the instructor as soon as possible so
that the necessary accommodations can be made.
Observance of a Religious Holy Day:
Texas House
Bill 256 requires institutions of higher education to excuse a student from
attending classes or other required activities, including examinations, for the
observance of a religious holy day. The student shall also be excused for time
necessary to travel. An institution may not penalize the student for the absence
and allows for the student to take an exam or complete an assignment from which
the student is excused. No prior notification of the instructor is required.
Academic Honesty:
"Texas
Tech is committed to creating an exciting university atmosphere that is free of
academic dishonesty. All members of the university community, including faculty,
students, and staff, are upheld to the standard of having integrity in the work
they produce. The standard is for all members of the Texas Tech community to
contribute to the campus environment in an ethical, fun, and honest manner.
Integrity matters because student success matters (TTU
Student Judicial Programs)."
Because we live in an imperfect world, it is necessary
to undergird such ideals with enforcement mechanisms: be aware that Texas Tech
defines "Academic
Misconduct" and lists specific
Disciplinary Outcomes for Academic Honesty Violations.
GRADING
The course grade will be computed as follows: 20% from the midterm tests
(that is, 10% from each); 45% from the papers (15% from each); 10% from
post-break Wednesday reports; 5% from class
participation; and 20% from the final.
The class
participation grade is computed in this way. At the end of the semester students
are divided into three groups on the basis of attendance, class preparation, and
class contributions: 1) individuals who were outstanding; 2) individuals who
were generally average; and 3) individuals who were well below average,
In computing the course grade, the first
group gets the class participation component credited as an 'A'; the second has
these points neutralized (so they neither help nor hurt when computing the
course grade); and the third has them credited as an `F'.
READING AND LECTURE SCHEDULE
W Jan 15 Introductions
Eurasian World
;
Mediterranean Topography;
Holy
Land Topography ;
Holy Land
Maps;
Modern Israel
F
Jan 17 Geography
[M Jan 20 MLK Day ]
[Tu Jan 21 Last Day to add a course]
W Jan 22 Early Medieval Pilgrimage
Runciman 1-12;
Date Chart;
F Jan 24 The Greek East at 1000AD
Overview of Islam; "Pact of Omar" ; Kennedy; Andrea 4-20
M Jan 27 Islam at 1000AD
John Howe on "Encastellation"; new horse collar; Europe 900; Europe 1000
W Jan 29 The Latin West at 1000
Runciman 33-40; Madden 1-3; Andrea 1-28
F Jan 31 Holy War
[F Jan 31 Last day to drop a course and get a full refund.]
Runciman 23-32; Madden 4-5; Andrea 17-24; Gregory VII; Late 11th-Century Maps; How to Mess Up the Source Problem. Start Source Problem #1.
M Feb 3 The Turkish Threat
Madden 5-13; Runciman 41-51. Continue writing Source Problem #1.
W Feb 5 Church Reform and the Call to Crusade
Finish Source Problem #1
F Feb 7 Response to the Call
Madden 15-19; Runciman 52-68; Andrea 29-69; Solomon bar Samson
M Feb 10 The Peoples' Crusades
Runciman 69-93; Roster of Crusaders; Anna Comnena
W
Feb 12
The
Crusaders at Constantinople
Madden 23-30; Runciman 94-125
F Feb 14 The March to Antioch
Runciman 126-168; Battle of Antioch
M Feb 17 The Siege of Antioch
Runciman 169-89; Ibn Al-Athīr; Fulcher of Chartres ; Battle of Jerusalem
W Feb 19 The Fall of Jerusalem
Study
F Feb 21 Midterm #1
Madden 35-46; Andrea 70-90; Crusader States map; Usamah; Fulcher
M Feb 24
Organizing the Crusader States
Hamilton, "Rebuilding Zion"; Hamilton, "Crusader Church" ; Crusader Jerusalem
W Feb 26
Organizing the Crusader Church
Denis Pringle, "The Planning of Some Pilgrimage Churches in Crusader Palestine."
World Archeology 18 1987): 341-62 [access through .
F Feb 28 Crusader Art & Architecture
Madden 46-48; Partner, Templars; Templar Rule.
M Mar 2 The Military Orders
Madden 132-33; Crusader Women; Nicholson; Melisende's Psalter. Start Source Problem #2 by reading and itemizing the documents given
W Mar 4 Woman on Crusade
Holmes. Start writing Source Problem #2.
F Mar 6 Daily Life in the Crusader States
Madden 48-59; Fall of Edessa; Mayer, "2nd Crusade" . Continue writing Source Problem #2.
M Mar 9 Islam Strikes Back
Eugenius III; Capture of Lisbon. Finish Source Problem # 2.
W Mar 11 The Second Crusade
Osprey conquest of Jerusalem
F Mar 13
Crusader Jerusalem
[Spring Vacation, March 14-22]
M Mar 23 through Friday Mar 27 Classes cancelled by Texas Tech University
Study
M
Mar 30
Midterm #2
Madden 61-72; Dynastic Succession; William of Tyre; Saladin Video ; Hattin; Hattin and Its Aftermath
W Apr 1 The Kingdom of Jerusalem at Risk &the Battle of Hattin
Madden 72-77; Capture of Jerusalem ; Fall of Jerusalem
F Apr 3 The Fall of Jerusalem and the Launching of the Third Crusade
Madden 77-91; The Third Crusade; Ambroise Prepare a "Wednesday noon report" on Ambroise, emailing it to the whole class by noon April 8.
M Apr 6 The Third Crusade
Madden 115-32; Strayer. Madden 117-29. Teutonic Knights ; In Defense of Teutonic Knights; Children's Crusades ; Andrea 91-105; Cologne Chronicle. Start Source Problem #3.
W Apr
8
Spanish Crusades / Crusades against Heretics
/ Baltic
Crusades / Children's Crusades
Queller on "4th Crusade" (map) and on 4th Crusade Chronology. Continue Source Problem #3.
F Apr 10 Launching the Fourth Crusade
[M Apr 13 Easter Vacation]
Nicetas Choniates ; Villehardouin 74-135. Prepare a "Wednesday noon report" on Villehardouin, emailing it to the whole class by noon April 15). Finish Source Problem #3.
W Apr 15 The Latin Empire of Constantinople
Madden 134-53; Innocent III; Joinville 161-200; Ibn Wasil; Letters; Map of the Crusader Kingdom 1192-1243; Capture of Jerusalem in 1244
F Apr 17 The Fifth Crusade / Crusade of Frederick II and Its Aftermath
Madden 154-68;
Letter from 1249; Joinville 200-264;
St. Louis Testament.
M Apr 20 Louis IX and the Sixth Crusade
[W Apr 22 Last day to declare pass fail, drop a class, or withdraw from the university]
Joinville 265-330; Mongols, Battle of Ain Jalut. Prepare a "Wednesday noon report" on Joinville, emailing it to the whole class by noon April 22.
W Apr 22 Mongols
Joinville 331-353; Madden 168-76
F Apr 24 The Mainland Crusader States at Risk
Michener ; Fall of Acre.; Abu I-Fidā
M Apr 27 The Fall of Acre
Madden 176-77; Andrea 106-26. Prepare a "Wednesday noon report" on Michener, emailing it to the whole class by noon April 29.
W Apr 29 Fall of Papacy and the Templars
Madden 178-95; Atiya.
F May 1 Later Crusades
Madden 9-13, 194-95, and 197-209;
Runciman "Summing Up"; Effects
of the Crusades ; Andrea 127-49;
Bernard Hamilton, "The Impact of Crusader Jerusalem
on Western Christendom,”The Catholic
Historical Review 80 (1994): 695-713 [access through
M May 4 Summing Up
[M May 4 Make-Up Test at
3:30-4:30 pm]